XHTML Tags Reference - exploring XML
XHTML Tags Reference
XHTML is a reformulation of HTML 4 as an XML 1.0 application. The stricter nature of
XML requires you to follow more rules than before when creating documents:
The most important rules for creating valid XHTML
- Include the correct DOCTYPE declaration at the beginning of the file.
- Add the attribute xmlns="https://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" to the <html> tag.
- Close all tags: Omitting </p> is not valid anymore.
- Change all tags to lowercase: <P> becomes <p>.
- Correctly specify empty elements: <hr> becomes <hr />.
- Quote all attribute values: <p align="right">.
- Always add attribute values: <hr noshade="noshade">.
- Always use & for & in attributes: <a href="?a=1&b=2">.
Document Type | Namespace Description |
---|---|
Transitional | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"> The more forgiving, more backwards-compatible version of XHTML |
Strict | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"> The more rigorous, more XML-style version of XHTML |
Frameset | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN"> DTD for frames |
Most commonly used tags in XHTML
XHTML tags | |
---|---|
Basic tags | |
<html> | Creates an XHTML document |
<head> | Defines the title and other information that is not part of the Web page itself |
<body> | Defines the Web page itself |
Header tags | |
<title> | Defines the page title, usually displayed in the browser's title bar |
<base href="URI" /> | Defines the base URL for this page |
Body attributes | |
<body background="URI"> | Sets the page background image. |
<body bgcolor="rgb"> | Sets the page background color, either by name ("black"), or hex value ("#RRGGBB"). |
<body text="rgb"> | Sets the page text color. |
<body link="rgb"> | Sets the color for hyperlinks. |
<body vlink="rgb"> | Sets the color for visited (previously followed) links. |
<body alink="rgb"> | Sets the color for activated (clicked) links. |
Block tags | |
<p>...</p> | Defines a text paragraph. |
<br /> | Defines a forced linebreak. |
<blockquote> | Defines a quoted, indented text block. |
<h1>...<h6> | Defines a level 1-6 heading. |
<div> | Defines a page section. |
<table> | Defines a tabular section. |
<form> | Defines a Web form. |
<ol> | Defines an ordered list (1, 2, 3, ...). |
<ul> | Defines an unordered, bulleted list. |
<li>...</li> | Defines a list item in an ordered or unordered list. |
<dl> | Defines a definition list, with terms and their definitions. |
<dt> | Marks the term to be defined. |
<dd> | Marks the definition of the term. |
Text formatting tags | |
<code>, <tt> | Defines a fixed width font, teletype typewriter style. |
<em>, <cite>, <i> | Emphasises or cites a text passage, usually using italics. |
<strong>, <b> | Uses strong, boldface font. |
<pre> | Defines pre-formatted text, text flow not to be controlled by browser. |
<font size="#" color="rgb"> | Defines a new font for a text region. |
Anchor tags (links) | |
<a href="url"> | Defines a hyperlink to another Web page. |
<a href="mailto:[email protected]"> | Defines a hyperlink to an email recipient. |
<a name="$"> | Defines an anchor within the page. |
<a href="#$"> | Defines a hyperlink to an anchor on the same page. |
Graphics tags | |
<img src="url" /> | Includes an image from the given URL. |
<hr /> | Includes a horizontal rule. |
<hr noshade="noshade" /> | Includes a horizontal rule without a shadow. |
Table tags | |
<table> | Defines a table. |
<tr> | Defines a new table row. |
<td> | Defines a new table cell. |
<th> | Defines a new table header cell. |
Table attributes | |
<table border="#" width="{#|%}"> | Defines table border in pixels and width in pixels or percent. |
<tr align="{l|c|r}" valign="{t|m|b}"> | Defines horizontal and vertical alignment of a row. |
<td align="{l|c|r}" valign="{t|m|b}"> | Defines horizontal and vertical alignment of a cell. |
<td colspan="#" rowspan="#"> | Defines how many rows or columns a cell should span, default is 1. |
<td nowrap="nowrap"> | Defines a new table cell. |
Frame tags | |
<frameset> | Defines a set of frames. |
<frameset rows="{#|%|*},{#|%|*}"> | Defines rows in the set, either in pixels, percentage of width, or spanning the rest (*). |
<frameset cols="{#|%|*},{#|%|*}"> | Defines columns in the set, either in pixels, percentage of width, or spanning the rest (*). |
<frame src="url" name="$" /> | Defines a frame with a name and the URL for its content. |
<noframes> | Alternative information for browsers without frame support. |
Form tags | |
<form action="url"> | Defines a form which will be sent back to the action URL on submission. |
<select name="$"> | Defines a drop-down box, with enclosing options as items. |
<select name="$" multiple="multiple" size="#"> | Defines a multi-select box with {size} entries height, with enclosing options as items. |
<option name="$">value</option> | Defines items in select boxes. |
<textarea cols="#" rows=#"> | Defines a multiline text field with cols times rows characters. |
<input type="text" name="$" /> | Defines a single line text entry field. |
<input type="checkbox" name="$" /> | Defines a checkbox. The text for the checkbox follows the tag. |
<input type="radio" name="$" value="$" /> | Defines a radio button. The text for the button follows the tag. Buttons with the same name form a group of mutual exclusive buttons. |
<input type="image" border="#" name="$" src="url" /> | Defines a submit button using an image. |
<input type="submit" value="$" /> | Defines a submit button using value as the face text. |
<input type="reset" /> | Defines a button that resets the form to blank entries. |
Key | |
---|---|
# | Integer number, usually pixels, sometimes characters |
% | Integer percentage value, followed by a percent sign |
$ | String of alphanumeric characters, starting with a letter |
{l|c|r} | Horizontal alignment, one of "left", "center", or "right" |
{t|m|b} | Vertical alignment, one of "top", "middle", or "bottom" |
rgb | Color, specified by name ("black") or as RGB value ("#001122") |
url | URL, usually https:// or file:// |
Produced by Michael Claßen
URL: https://www.webreference.com/xml/reference/xhtml.html
Created: Mar 19, 2001
Revised: Mar 19, 2001